A virtual endovascular catheterization system that simulates the characteristics of catheters and vasculature can provide cost-effective and safe training for cardiologists. State-of-the-art virtual systems lack either real-time deformations of vessels or the catheter’s steerability and flexibility.

In this work, a modeling and simulation framework for endovascular catheterization training is introduced. The framework enables user specifications on procedures, devices, and starting sites. Cardiologists evaluated the validity and visual authenticity of the virtual system.